Efficient Joining of New Materials: Fastener Solutions for Aluminum Busbars in EVs
As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to gain traction, the demand for cost-effective, lightweight, and high-performance materials is more critical than ever. Traditionally, copper has been the material of choice for EV busbars due to its excellent conductivity, but aluminum is emerging as a compelling alternative. Despite aluminum’s lower conductivity, its significantly lower cost and weight make it an attractive option. However, aluminum also presents challenges, particularly its oxide layer, which can impede conductivity. Addressing these challenges requires specialized solutions, like PEM’s ECCB™ eConnect® Contact Bushing, which enables reliable connections in aluminum busbars by minimizing resistance and maximizing performance.
Why Consider Aluminum Over Copper?
Copper has been the industry standard for EV busbars due to its superior conductivity and reliability. However, the rising costs and heavier weight of copper make it less attractive as EV manufacturers focus on reducing vehicle weight and improving cost efficiency. Enter aluminum: although it has only about half the conductivity of copper, doubling the thickness of aluminum busbars allows them to perform comparably to copper ones, while still achieving significant weight savings. For instance, even at twice the thickness, aluminum weighs only about half as much as copper and comes at a fraction of the cost, making it a logical choice for lightweighting and cost savings.
The transition from copper to aluminum can yield significant cost and weight advantages for EVs, but using aluminum for busbars isn’t without its challenges. One of the main issues with aluminum busbars is the formation of an oxide layer on the surface. This oxide layer is highly resistant, making it difficult to achieve the same level of electrical conductivity as copper. Addressing this challenge is essential for reliable performance, and this is where the ECCB™ eConnect® Contact Bushing offers a critical advantage.
The Challenge: Aluminum Oxide Layer
The aluminum oxide layer that naturally forms on aluminum surfaces acts as an insulator, reducing the efficiency of electrical connections. Over time, this layer can even thicken, further impeding conductivity and compromising the reliability of electrical connections in EV busbars. For a component as crucial as a busbar, maintaining high conductivity is essential for efficient power transfer, especially as EVs rely heavily on optimized energy distribution to extend range and performance
To overcome this problem, the ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing has been developed specifically to address the conductivity issues associated with aluminum oxide, providing an innovative solution for EV manufacturers looking to adopt aluminum busbars.
Introducing the ECCB™ eConnect® Contact Bushing
The ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing is designed to deliver ultra-low electrical resistance connections in aluminum busbars, effectively overcoming the challenges of the oxide layer. Here’s how this bushing helps achieve reliable connections in aluminum:
- Reliable Installation for Long-Term Use: Designed for easy installation, ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing creates a secure, durable joint that resists loosening or performance degradation over time. This reliability is essential for EVs, where high vibrations and temperature fluctuations can otherwise compromise weaker connections.
- Enhanced Contact Performance: The ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing’s unique design disrupts the aluminum oxide layer, allowing for a direct, high-quality metal-to-metal connection. This ensures low electrical resistance, critical for reliable performance in high-power applications.
- High-Conductivity Materials: The bushing is crafted from high-conductivity copper alloys, which help reduce resistance and improve overall conductivity when integrated into aluminum busbars. This allows EV manufacturers to leverage the cost and weight benefits of aluminum while achieving copper-like performance.
- Advanced Plating and Coating: By incorporating conductive coatings, such as silver, the ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing minimizes resistance at the connection point. Silver is an excellent conductor, enhancing the efficiency of electrical transfer through the bushing, even in challenging environments where the oxide layer might otherwise inhibit current flow.
Benefits of Using Aluminum with ECCB™ eConnect® Contact Bushing
By using aluminum with ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing, EV manufacturers gain a range of advantages:
- Cost Efficiency: Aluminum costs significantly less than copper, reducing material costs for busbars. When scaled across large production volumes, this cost reduction can make EVs more affordable for manufacturers and, ultimately, for consumers.
- Lightweighting: Even at twice the thickness, aluminum busbars weigh approximately half as much as copper. This weight reduction directly contributes to vehicle lightweighting, improving EV range and efficiency.
- Improved Conductivity: The ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing addresses the conductivity challenges of aluminum, ensuring high-performance electrical connections without requiring the weight and cost of copper.
- Sustainable, Scalable Solution: Aluminum is widely available and highly recyclable, making it a more sustainable choice as the EV market continues to grow. The ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing solution also scales well, making aluminum an increasingly viable option as EV production ramps up.
Real-World Applications: Transforming EV Busbar Design
In practical terms, ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing’s enable EV manufacturers to redesign busbars with aluminum, making them a viable replacement for copper in high-performance applications. For instance, battery pack busbars, power distribution units, and inverters can now be made with aluminum, leveraging ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing to maintain the conductivity and reliability required for these components. The end result is a more cost-effective, lightweight busbar that meets the rigorous demands of EV applications.
Conclusion: Unlocking New Potential for Aluminum in EVs with PEM’s ECCB™ Solution
As the EV industry continues to evolve, the shift toward lightweight, cost-effective materials like aluminum is a logical step in making electric transportation more accessible and sustainable. PEM’s ECCB™ eConnect® Contact Bushing makes this transition smoother by providing a reliable solution to the conductivity challenges posed by aluminum’s oxide layer. With ECCB™ PEM eConnect® Contact Bushing’s, EV manufacturers can confidently adopt aluminum busbars, enjoying the benefits of reduced weight and cost without compromising performance. This innovative solution highlights how material science and engineering can work together to overcome obstacles, paving the way for a more efficient and sustainable future in electric vehicles.
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Cutting Energy Waste in ICEs and EVs: The Hidden Efficiency Challenge